This paper addresses word learning for human–robot interaction. The focus is on making a robotic agent aware of its surroundings, by having it learn the names of the objects it can find. The human user, acting as instructor, can help the robotic agent ground the words used to refer to those objects. A lifelong learning system, based on one-class learning, was developed. This system is incremental and evolves with the presentation of any new word, which acts as a class to (...) the robot, relying on instructor feedback. A novel experimental evaluation methodology, that takes into account the open-ended nature of word learning, is proposed and applied. This methodology is based on the realization that a robot’s vocabulary will be limited by its discriminatory capacity which, in turn, depends on its sensors and perceptual capabilities. The results indicate that the robot’s representations are capable of incrementally evolving by correcting class descriptions, based on instructor feedback to classification results. In successive experiments, it was possible for the robot to learn between 6 and 12 names of real-world office objects. Although these results are comparable to those obtained by other authors, there is a need to scale-up. The limitations of the method are discussed and potential directions for improvement are pointed out. (shrink)

This article presents the results of a systematic literature review on religiosity and spirituality, particularly in the work context. We aimed to verify the state-of-the-art of scientific production related to these themes. To achieve the proposed objective, we identified 312 articles published in journals in the period between 1960 and 2018 using a rigourous method of analysis and sorting, which resulted in 52 appropriate studies. The analyses presented are based on the three bibliometric laws: those of Lotka, Bradford and Zipf. (...) This article brings contributions that encompass four approaches: measurement scales of spirituality and religiosity; behavioural benefits of religiosity in individuals; insertion of religiosity and spirituality in social service practice; and research directions. This research presents technical and managerial implications to provide theoretical support for the creation of programmes and/or practices of spirituality and religion in the workplace as an effective strategy, towards ethical attitudes. Also, this study contributes to the methodological achievement of SLRs in the field of religion in the workplace, highlighting an effective method for thematic mapping, and holistically identifying new research topics and directions, especially because of the several guidelines presented. (shrink)

A geografia viúva da revolução -- A impotência das teorias críticas no domínio prático e a lógica dos maus perdedores -- Das origens às novas gerações da geocrítica : a doutrinação no sistema de ensino -- A geografia escolar : doutrinação ideológica e incapacidade de desenvolver competências -- Um balanço final e um último questionamento.

Neste artigo abordaremos a questão da mentira, em Kant, vinculando a questões de ordem moral. Pois, sendo a ética e o direito ramos da moral, o problema da mentira encontra-se em saber se ela é uma questão ética ou jurídica, ou se é um problema moral, que engloba tanto a ética como o direito, que não legitimam tal ato. Iniciaremos esta unidade com a análise dos conceitos de moral, ética e direito buscando compreender o que constitui cada um desses campos (...) da cultura e qual a distinção entre ambos. Em seguida trataremos, em especial, da questão da mentira na filosofia prática de Kant, abordando o seu posicionamento ético sobre o ato de mentir, onde é levantada a questão em saber se uma falsa declaração pode ser legitimada ou não. Por fim, analisaremos o debate entre Kant e Benjamim Constant, sobre a problemática da mentira, onde será tratada a questão de um suposto direito de mentir e dos princípios gerais e intermediários, a saber, se é possível a aplicação de um princípio geral de forma absoluta isolada sem o auxílio de princípios intermediários. (shrink)

There are numerous studies that, from different perspectives, have dealt with the debate held in the Spanish Empire during the 16th century on the slavery of the American Indians, starring –among others– by Francisco de Vitoria and his disciples from the School of Salamanca, and also –outside the academic sphere– by Fray Bartolomé de las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. The purpose of this work is to study whether this debate made its mark in Spanish society. For this, it (...) is analyzed three theatrical pieces from the Golden Age signed by playwrights of the stature of Tirso de Molina, Lope de Vega and Pedro Calderón de Barca, who –given their enormous popularity– had the capacity to reach the wide audience that congregated in the corrals of comedies. Were these three writers influenced by the controversy over the Indians carried out, among other authors, by Vitoria, Las Casas and Sepúlveda? Did they fully grasp in their works the subtle debate that Vitoria, Las Casas and Sepúlveda maintained when they interpreted Aristotelian arguments on slavery and the consequences that derived from them in terms of the possibility of enslaving or not the Indians? (shrink)

The reflection proposed in this article aims to briefly consider philosophy and literature on the saga of Genoveva Pia in the early morning cadence of the drums of São Luís (1975), a novel by the great poet from Maranhão, Josué Montello (1917-2006), in which a narrative is made between fiction and the reality of the Brazilian colonial slave period on the historical soil of São Luís, Ma. To this end, the text is divided into two parts: firstly, it (...) looks at the dialectic between history as representative and memory as an actualizable, individual and collective phenomenon that takes shape between spaces, events, memories and forgetfulness and, secondly, it highlights the importance of the saga of the black woman Genoveva Pia, from persistence to resistance in welcoming, protecting and freeing the black men and women, recalling the ancestry of the freed black man Damião, the novel’s central character and narrator. (shrink)

From the plexus of conscience and reality as explained by Millán-Puelles, we understand the thesis -pace Descartes and Husserl- that ontology is possible only when it is understood as a description of the conditions of the natural being. To be by nature a rational being is to be by nature an existent thought. If thought is what results from the activity proper to reason due to its belonging to the world, then reason that thinks has no need of any certainty (...) by way of reflection that it thinks. (shrink)

En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar en la modalidad práctica del pensamiento de Heidegger a partir de sus consideraciones en torno a la praxis y la acción, en trabajos fundamentales de la época de Sein und Zeit en comparación con elaboraciones de su período posterior a la Kehre. En este marco, buscaremos demostrar cierta continuidad entre ambos períodos a partir de sus consideraciones ontológicas de la praxis, lo cual permite interpretar el carácter correlativo del pensar y la acción. Para dar (...) cuenta de ello, en primer lugar, abordaremos su respectiva interpretación de la tradición aristotélica en paralelo con las elaboraciones de la analítica en 1927. En segundo lugar, analizaremos un conjunto de consideraciones prácticas del pensar en trabajos posteriores a 1930.De esta manera, esperamos especificar la modalidad práctica del pensamiento de Heidegger, tanto en sus elaboraciones como en su propia articulación. (shrink)

Cosmopolitan political theorists hold that our obligations to distribute resources to others do not halt at state borders, but most do not advocate a restructuring of the global system to achieve their distributive aims. This article argues that promoting democratically accountable economic and political integration between states would be the most effective way to enable cosmopolitan, or routine, tax-financed, trans-state distributions. Movement toward a more integrated global system should encourage the view that larger sets of persons have interests in common (...) that should be protected and promoted in common. Democratically accountable integration also should enable those within less-affluent states to more vigorously press trans-state distributive claims. The still-evolving E.U. is examined as a partial model for the integrated alternative in other geographic regions, as well as, in the much longer term, for some form of democratic global government capable of ensuring that any person born anywhere would have access to adequate resources and life opportunities. (shrink)

En esta investigación estudiamos los filmes españoles, más taquilleros, rodados en la capital de España durante los años sesenta, sin considerar los largometrajes musicales y las coproducciones internacionales o de terror. Se escogen para ello cuatro películas, todas ellas comedias, que retratan Madrid (y sus afueras), representando un espacio cinematográfico durante el franquismo. Los títulos seleccionados son: Atraco a las tres (José María Forqué, 1962); La ciudad no es para mí (Pedro Lazaga, 1966); Un millón en la basura (José María (...) Forqué, 1966-1967) y No desearás al vecino del quinto (Tito Fernández, 1970). (shrink)

Information is a peculiar quantity. Unlike matter and energy, which are conserved by the laws of physics, the aggregation of knowledge from many sources can in fact produce more information (synergy) or less (redundancy) than the sum of its parts. This feature can endow groups with problem‐solving strategies that are superior to those possible among noninteracting individuals and, in turn, may provide a selection drive toward collective cooperation and coordination. Here we explore the formal properties of information aggregation as a (...) general principle for explaining features of social organization. We quantify information in terms of the general formalism of information theory, which also prescribes the rules of how different pieces of evidence inform the solution of a given problem. We then show how several canonical examples of collective cognition and coordination can be understood through principles of minimization of uncertainty (maximization of predictability) under information pooling over many individuals. We discuss in some detail how collective coordination in swarms, markets, natural language processing, and collaborative filtering may be guided by the optimal aggregation of information in social collectives. We also identify circumstances when these processes fail, leading, for example, to inefficient markets. The contrast to approaches to understand coordination and collaboration via decision and game theory is also briefly discussed. (shrink)

En el siguiente trabajo analizaremos el estatuto de la cosa en dos trabajos fundamentales de la Kehre heideggeriana: Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes (1935-1936), Das Ding (1951) y Die Frage nach der Technik (1953).A partir de interpretar sus caracterizaciones ontológicas de las cosas, los entes intramundanos en las relaciones respectivas del Dasein, buscaremos cotejar las bases comprensivas desde las que articula estas elaboraciones. Con ello nos proponemos demostrar de qué modo dichas bases se articulan en un concepto de alteridad, una modalidad (...) de relación corporal y habitar del Dasein, respecto de las respectivas elaboraciones en la analítica de Sein und Zeit. (shrink)

Volume 16, Issue 1, April 2020, Page 110-115.

Estudio bibliográfico / A bibliographical study of: Ernesto Grassi, Retorica come filosofia. La tradizione umanistica, trad. di Roberta Moroni, a. c. di Massimo Marassi, La Città del Sole, Napoli, 1999, pp. 198 . E.H. Gombrich, Imágenes Simbólicas. Estudios sobre el arte del Renacimiento, 2, versión castellana de Remigio Gómez Díaz, Editorial Debate, Madrid, 2000, pp. 244.

Tomando como punto de partida el artículo 27.7 de la Constitución Española, que reconoce expresamente que "los profesores, los padres y, en su caso, los alumnos intervendrán en el control y gestión de todos los Centros sostenidos por la Administración con fondos públicos, en los términos que la ley establezca", nuestro sistema jurídico educativo ha venido estableciendo un marco de actuación de los conocidos Consejos Escolares de los Centros, marco que lejos de haber permanecido inalterado desde la Ley Orgánica reguladora (...) del Derecho a la Educación (19885), he evolucionado llamativamente con el transcurso de los años, a través de las sucesivas Leyes orgánicas: Ley Orgánica de Participación, Evaluación y Gobierno de los Centros (LOPEG, 1995), Ley Orgánica de Calidad de la Educación (LOCE, 2002) y Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE, 2006. (shrink)

Suprastate policy formation in such bodies as the WTO remains fundamentally exclusive of individuals within states. This article critiques the "don't kill the goose" arguments commonly offered in defense of such exclusions.

Aby Warburg es la oculta figura creadora de los estudios de iconología. Personaje indiscutido, ha sido retomado en los últimos años a partir de la reedición de sus obras y de numerosos estudios que posicionan su figura intelectual y los impactos que tuvo su método de aproximación a las imágenes, específicamente aquellos que hablaban del renacimiento del paganismo. Conceptos como pathosformeln, sobrevivencias de la antigüedad, accesorios en movimiento y el análisis histórico, psicológico y contextual de la producción cultural de las (...) imágenes, son hoy característicos de una todavía novedosa manera de entender el estudio de la iconología. Aby Warburg is the hidden figure that created the study of the iconology. This remarkable character has been taken up again, because of the new editions of her works and numerous studies, which positioned her intellectual figure and all the impacts that her method of approximation to images had, specifically those that talked about the renaissance of paganism. Concepts like pathosformel, the survivals of the antiquity, movement accessories and the analysis of the history, psychology and context of the production of images culture, are today characteristic of a still new way to understand the iconologist word. (shrink)

Este trabajo trata sobre el pensamiento político del humanista español Benito Arias Montano . Consta de dos partes: en la primera se estudia la actuación política de Arias Montano como consejero del rey Felipe II en Flandes; en la segunda se comenta elDavid , obra publicada por Arias Montano en colaboración con el artista holandés Philippe Galle en Amberes, donde se puede apreciar su alegoría sacro política.PALABRAS CLAVE: Arias Montano, Philippe Galle, Felipe II, política, República Cristiana Católica, metafórica teocrática, humanismo (...) bíblico, historia sagrada, historia profana, tacitismo, Campos Sánchez-Bordona, Sánchez Lora This paper examines the Spanish humanist Benito Arias Montano’s political thought, divided into two parts. Firstly, a study of the Arias Montano’s activity as advisor to King Philip II in Flanders. Secondly, the comment on his work David , published in collaboration with the Dutch artist Philip Galle in Antwerp, and in which its possible appreciate his sacred political allegory.KEYWORDS: Arias Montano, Philip Galle, Philip II, Christian Catholic Republic, biblical humanism, sacred history, profane history, tacitism, Campos Sánchez-Bordona, Sánchez Lora. (shrink)

This is a correction to: Luis Rosa, Coherence and Knowability, The Philosophical Quarterly, 2022, pqab076, https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqab076.

O objetivo do filósofo Descartes (1596-1650), com as duas provas da existência de Deus na Terceira Meditação, é provar o conhecimento da certeza da verdade da existência de Deus por meio, unicamente, da razão como causalidade. Ao se valer de duas provas, surge entre outros problemas de interpretação o seguinte questionamento: a nova prova da existência de Deus apresenta novidades em termos metafísicos ou é apenas mais uma explicação da primeira prova? O presente artigo visa mostrar que a segunda prova, (...) que apresenta Deus como causa sui, implica em novos e importantes desdobramentos à filosofia cartesiana e influencia os filósofos da Modernidade que conceitualizaram o infinito ou Deus de uma forma dinâmica e inserida dentro da história. O método seguido, para o presente escopo, é o analítico-crítico, por meio do qual se busca evidenciar os principais argumentos cartesianos via interpretação dos seus escritos e de alguns textos dos clássicos comentaristas e exegetas de seu pensamento. Conclui-se, sem esgotar a temática, que a segunda prova da existência de Deus reconfigura a necessidade estática de uma essência numa relação dinâmica de causalidade. Ademais, tal certeza está inscrita dentro da mente do ser finito como a marca impressa que um artesão deixa em sua obra. (shrink)

Em tempos em que os sistemas humanos aceleram as esferas de descuido, de caos, faz-se necessário buscar novos princípios que fundamentem as bases essenciais da existência e das relações humanas. Nesse viés, a reflexão sobre o caminho da pessoa que busca entender-se como ser de Cuidado torna-se cada vez mais urgente, haja vista que pode promover uma compreensão profunda sobre as próprias atitudes e ações em relação ao todo da vida existente. Dessa forma, toda ação humana para ser boa deve (...) adotar os princípios de Cuidado, e sua reflexão em nível de essência religiosa tem como base a narrativa da Criação na busca de encontrar fundamentos para uma ética necessária e essencial, e que seja norma de conduta responsável, visto que só pela moral do Cuidado com a terra a pessoa manifesta a sua realidade e assume o seu ser em imagem e semelhança ao Criador. (shrink)

La puesta en escena de la cultura se produce en el momento que la educación va formando mujeres y hombres en la sociedad. La multidimensionalidad del hombre requirió desde el inicio una formación que integrara la totalidad de la persona. La escuela católica ha tratado de responder a dicha terea, mediante la evangelización desde la escuela, cuyo propósito consiste fundamentalmente en formar ciudadanos del cielo y de la tierra. No obstante, el contexto social genera la secularización de las dimensiones de (...) la vida cotidiana. El posicionamiento del liberalismo como ideología política y económica requiere un Estado laico que garantice libertades de credo y culto. La experiencia mexicana de los últimos dos siglos vivirá de modo particular este proceso en que la lucha por el poder entre Iglesia y Estado hacen de la laicidad un conflicto de intereses. (shrink)

La fotografía que acompaña este dossier procede del acervo documental del Archivo General de la Nación y corresponde al curso “Problemática del trabajo en la Filosofía Moderna”, que Guerrero impartió en el Colegio Libre de Estudios Superiores en 1936. Fue reproducida en la revista Foro y Notariado de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, ilustrando una nota que informaba del fallecimiento de Guerrero el 7 de febrero de 1957.